1 | /*
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2 | * jidctfst.c
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3 | *
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4 | * Copyright (C) 1994-1998, Thomas G. Lane.
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5 | * This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
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6 | * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
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7 | *
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8 | * This file contains a fast, not so accurate integer implementation of the
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9 | * inverse DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). In the IJG code, this routine
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10 | * must also perform dequantization of the input coefficients.
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11 | *
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12 | * A 2-D IDCT can be done by 1-D IDCT on each column followed by 1-D IDCT
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13 | * on each row (or vice versa, but it's more convenient to emit a row at
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14 | * a time). Direct algorithms are also available, but they are much more
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15 | * complex and seem not to be any faster when reduced to code.
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16 | *
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17 | * This implementation is based on Arai, Agui, and Nakajima's algorithm for
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18 | * scaled DCT. Their original paper (Trans. IEICE E-71(11):1095) is in
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19 | * Japanese, but the algorithm is described in the Pennebaker & Mitchell
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20 | * JPEG textbook (see REFERENCES section in file README). The following code
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21 | * is based directly on figure 4-8 in P&M.
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22 | * While an 8-point DCT cannot be done in less than 11 multiplies, it is
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23 | * possible to arrange the computation so that many of the multiplies are
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24 | * simple scalings of the final outputs. These multiplies can then be
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25 | * folded into the multiplications or divisions by the JPEG quantization
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26 | * table entries. The AA&N method leaves only 5 multiplies and 29 adds
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27 | * to be done in the DCT itself.
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28 | * The primary disadvantage of this method is that with fixed-point math,
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29 | * accuracy is lost due to imprecise representation of the scaled
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30 | * quantization values. The smaller the quantization table entry, the less
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31 | * precise the scaled value, so this implementation does worse with high-
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32 | * quality-setting files than with low-quality ones.
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33 | */
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34 |
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35 | #define JPEG_INTERNALS
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36 | #include "jinclude.h"
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37 | #include "jpeglib.h"
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38 | #include "jdct.h" /* Private declarations for DCT subsystem */
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39 |
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40 | #ifdef DCT_IFAST_SUPPORTED
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41 |
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42 |
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43 | /*
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44 | * This module is specialized to the case DCTSIZE = 8.
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45 | */
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46 |
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47 | #if DCTSIZE != 8
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48 | Sorry, this code only copes with 8x8 DCTs. /* deliberate syntax err */
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49 | #endif
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50 |
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51 |
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52 | /* Scaling decisions are generally the same as in the LL&M algorithm;
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53 | * see jidctint.c for more details. However, we choose to descale
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54 | * (right shift) multiplication products as soon as they are formed,
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55 | * rather than carrying additional fractional bits into subsequent additions.
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56 | * This compromises accuracy slightly, but it lets us save a few shifts.
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57 | * More importantly, 16-bit arithmetic is then adequate (for 8-bit samples)
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58 | * everywhere except in the multiplications proper; this saves a good deal
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59 | * of work on 16-bit-int machines.
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60 | *
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61 | * The dequantized coefficients are not integers because the AA&N scaling
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62 | * factors have been incorporated. We represent them scaled up by PASS1_BITS,
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63 | * so that the first and second IDCT rounds have the same input scaling.
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64 | * For 8-bit JSAMPLEs, we choose IFAST_SCALE_BITS = PASS1_BITS so as to
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65 | * avoid a descaling shift; this compromises accuracy rather drastically
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66 | * for small quantization table entries, but it saves a lot of shifts.
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67 | * For 12-bit JSAMPLEs, there's no hope of using 16x16 multiplies anyway,
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68 | * so we use a much larger scaling factor to preserve accuracy.
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69 | *
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70 | * A final compromise is to represent the multiplicative constants to only
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71 | * 8 fractional bits, rather than 13. This saves some shifting work on some
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72 | * machines, and may also reduce the cost of multiplication (since there
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73 | * are fewer one-bits in the constants).
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74 | */
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75 |
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76 | #if BITS_IN_JSAMPLE == 8
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77 | #define CONST_BITS 8
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78 | #define PASS1_BITS 2
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79 | #else
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80 | #define CONST_BITS 8
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81 | #define PASS1_BITS 1 /* lose a little precision to avoid overflow */
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82 | #endif
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83 |
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84 | /* Some C compilers fail to reduce "FIX(constant)" at compile time, thus
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85 | * causing a lot of useless floating-point operations at run time.
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86 | * To get around this we use the following pre-calculated constants.
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87 | * If you change CONST_BITS you may want to add appropriate values.
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88 | * (With a reasonable C compiler, you can just rely on the FIX() macro...)
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89 | */
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90 |
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91 | #if CONST_BITS == 8
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92 | #define FIX_1_082392200 ((INT32) 277) /* FIX(1.082392200) */
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93 | #define FIX_1_414213562 ((INT32) 362) /* FIX(1.414213562) */
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94 | #define FIX_1_847759065 ((INT32) 473) /* FIX(1.847759065) */
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95 | #define FIX_2_613125930 ((INT32) 669) /* FIX(2.613125930) */
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96 | #else
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97 | #define FIX_1_082392200 FIX(1.082392200)
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98 | #define FIX_1_414213562 FIX(1.414213562)
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99 | #define FIX_1_847759065 FIX(1.847759065)
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100 | #define FIX_2_613125930 FIX(2.613125930)
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101 | #endif
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102 |
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103 |
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104 | /* We can gain a little more speed, with a further compromise in accuracy,
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105 | * by omitting the addition in a descaling shift. This yields an incorrectly
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106 | * rounded result half the time...
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107 | */
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108 |
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109 | #ifndef USE_ACCURATE_ROUNDING
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110 | #undef DESCALE
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111 | #define DESCALE(x,n) RIGHT_SHIFT(x, n)
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112 | #endif
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113 |
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114 |
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115 | /* Multiply a DCTELEM variable by an INT32 constant, and immediately
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116 | * descale to yield a DCTELEM result.
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117 | */
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118 |
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119 | #define MULTIPLY(var,const) ((DCTELEM) DESCALE((var) * (const), CONST_BITS))
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120 |
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121 |
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122 | /* Dequantize a coefficient by multiplying it by the multiplier-table
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123 | * entry; produce a DCTELEM result. For 8-bit data a 16x16->16
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124 | * multiplication will do. For 12-bit data, the multiplier table is
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125 | * declared INT32, so a 32-bit multiply will be used.
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126 | */
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127 |
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128 | #if BITS_IN_JSAMPLE == 8
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129 | #define DEQUANTIZE(coef,quantval) (((IFAST_MULT_TYPE) (coef)) * (quantval))
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130 | #else
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131 | #define DEQUANTIZE(coef,quantval) \
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132 | DESCALE((coef)*(quantval), IFAST_SCALE_BITS-PASS1_BITS)
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133 | #endif
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134 |
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135 |
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136 | /* Like DESCALE, but applies to a DCTELEM and produces an int.
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137 | * We assume that int right shift is unsigned if INT32 right shift is.
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138 | */
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139 |
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140 | #ifdef RIGHT_SHIFT_IS_UNSIGNED
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141 | #define ISHIFT_TEMPS DCTELEM ishift_temp;
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142 | #if BITS_IN_JSAMPLE == 8
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143 | #define DCTELEMBITS 16 /* DCTELEM may be 16 or 32 bits */
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144 | #else
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145 | #define DCTELEMBITS 32 /* DCTELEM must be 32 bits */
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146 | #endif
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147 | #define IRIGHT_SHIFT(x,shft) \
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148 | ((ishift_temp = (x)) < 0 ? \
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149 | (ishift_temp >> (shft)) | ((~((DCTELEM) 0)) << (DCTELEMBITS-(shft))) : \
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150 | (ishift_temp >> (shft)))
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151 | #else
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152 | #define ISHIFT_TEMPS
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153 | #define IRIGHT_SHIFT(x,shft) ((x) >> (shft))
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154 | #endif
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155 |
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156 | #ifdef USE_ACCURATE_ROUNDING
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157 | #define IDESCALE(x,n) ((int) IRIGHT_SHIFT((x) + (1 << ((n)-1)), n))
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158 | #else
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159 | #define IDESCALE(x,n) ((int) IRIGHT_SHIFT(x, n))
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160 | #endif
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161 |
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162 |
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163 | /*
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164 | * Perform dequantization and inverse DCT on one block of coefficients.
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165 | */
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166 |
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167 | GLOBAL(void)
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168 | jpeg_idct_ifast (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, jpeg_component_info * compptr,
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169 | JCOEFPTR coef_block,
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170 | JSAMPARRAY output_buf, JDIMENSION output_col)
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171 | {
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172 | DCTELEM tmp0, tmp1, tmp2, tmp3, tmp4, tmp5, tmp6, tmp7;
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173 | DCTELEM tmp10, tmp11, tmp12, tmp13;
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174 | DCTELEM z5, z10, z11, z12, z13;
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175 | JCOEFPTR inptr;
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176 | IFAST_MULT_TYPE * quantptr;
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177 | int * wsptr;
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178 | JSAMPROW outptr;
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179 | JSAMPLE *range_limit = IDCT_range_limit(cinfo);
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180 | int ctr;
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181 | int workspace[DCTSIZE2]; /* buffers data between passes */
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182 | SHIFT_TEMPS /* for DESCALE */
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183 | ISHIFT_TEMPS /* for IDESCALE */
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184 |
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185 | /* Pass 1: process columns from input, store into work array. */
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186 |
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187 | inptr = coef_block;
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188 | quantptr = (IFAST_MULT_TYPE *) compptr->dct_table;
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189 | wsptr = workspace;
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190 | for (ctr = DCTSIZE; ctr > 0; ctr--) {
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191 | /* Due to quantization, we will usually find that many of the input
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192 | * coefficients are zero, especially the AC terms. We can exploit this
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193 | * by short-circuiting the IDCT calculation for any column in which all
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194 | * the AC terms are zero. In that case each output is equal to the
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195 | * DC coefficient (with scale factor as needed).
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196 | * With typical images and quantization tables, half or more of the
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197 | * column DCT calculations can be simplified this way.
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198 | */
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199 |
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200 | if (inptr[DCTSIZE*1] == 0 && inptr[DCTSIZE*2] == 0 &&
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201 | inptr[DCTSIZE*3] == 0 && inptr[DCTSIZE*4] == 0 &&
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202 | inptr[DCTSIZE*5] == 0 && inptr[DCTSIZE*6] == 0 &&
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203 | inptr[DCTSIZE*7] == 0) {
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204 | /* AC terms all zero */
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205 | int dcval = (int) DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*0], quantptr[DCTSIZE*0]);
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206 |
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207 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*0] = dcval;
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208 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*1] = dcval;
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209 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*2] = dcval;
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210 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*3] = dcval;
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211 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*4] = dcval;
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212 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*5] = dcval;
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213 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*6] = dcval;
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214 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*7] = dcval;
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215 |
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216 | inptr++; /* advance pointers to next column */
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217 | quantptr++;
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218 | wsptr++;
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219 | continue;
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220 | }
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221 |
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222 | /* Even part */
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223 |
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224 | tmp0 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*0], quantptr[DCTSIZE*0]);
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225 | tmp1 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*2], quantptr[DCTSIZE*2]);
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226 | tmp2 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*4], quantptr[DCTSIZE*4]);
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227 | tmp3 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*6], quantptr[DCTSIZE*6]);
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228 |
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229 | tmp10 = tmp0 + tmp2; /* phase 3 */
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230 | tmp11 = tmp0 - tmp2;
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231 |
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232 | tmp13 = tmp1 + tmp3; /* phases 5-3 */
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233 | tmp12 = MULTIPLY(tmp1 - tmp3, FIX_1_414213562) - tmp13; /* 2*c4 */
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234 |
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235 | tmp0 = tmp10 + tmp13; /* phase 2 */
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236 | tmp3 = tmp10 - tmp13;
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237 | tmp1 = tmp11 + tmp12;
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238 | tmp2 = tmp11 - tmp12;
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239 |
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240 | /* Odd part */
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241 |
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242 | tmp4 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*1], quantptr[DCTSIZE*1]);
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243 | tmp5 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*3], quantptr[DCTSIZE*3]);
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244 | tmp6 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*5], quantptr[DCTSIZE*5]);
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245 | tmp7 = DEQUANTIZE(inptr[DCTSIZE*7], quantptr[DCTSIZE*7]);
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246 |
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247 | z13 = tmp6 + tmp5; /* phase 6 */
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248 | z10 = tmp6 - tmp5;
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249 | z11 = tmp4 + tmp7;
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250 | z12 = tmp4 - tmp7;
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251 |
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252 | tmp7 = z11 + z13; /* phase 5 */
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253 | tmp11 = MULTIPLY(z11 - z13, FIX_1_414213562); /* 2*c4 */
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254 |
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255 | z5 = MULTIPLY(z10 + z12, FIX_1_847759065); /* 2*c2 */
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256 | tmp10 = MULTIPLY(z12, FIX_1_082392200) - z5; /* 2*(c2-c6) */
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257 | tmp12 = MULTIPLY(z10, - FIX_2_613125930) + z5; /* -2*(c2+c6) */
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258 |
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259 | tmp6 = tmp12 - tmp7; /* phase 2 */
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260 | tmp5 = tmp11 - tmp6;
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261 | tmp4 = tmp10 + tmp5;
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262 |
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263 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*0] = (int) (tmp0 + tmp7);
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264 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*7] = (int) (tmp0 - tmp7);
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265 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*1] = (int) (tmp1 + tmp6);
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266 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*6] = (int) (tmp1 - tmp6);
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267 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*2] = (int) (tmp2 + tmp5);
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268 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*5] = (int) (tmp2 - tmp5);
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269 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*4] = (int) (tmp3 + tmp4);
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270 | wsptr[DCTSIZE*3] = (int) (tmp3 - tmp4);
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271 |
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272 | inptr++; /* advance pointers to next column */
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273 | quantptr++;
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274 | wsptr++;
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275 | }
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276 |
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277 | /* Pass 2: process rows from work array, store into output array. */
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278 | /* Note that we must descale the results by a factor of 8 == 2**3, */
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279 | /* and also undo the PASS1_BITS scaling. */
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280 |
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281 | wsptr = workspace;
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282 | for (ctr = 0; ctr < DCTSIZE; ctr++) {
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283 | outptr = output_buf[ctr] + output_col;
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284 | /* Rows of zeroes can be exploited in the same way as we did with columns.
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285 | * However, the column calculation has created many nonzero AC terms, so
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286 | * the simplification applies less often (typically 5% to 10% of the time).
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287 | * On machines with very fast multiplication, it's possible that the
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288 | * test takes more time than it's worth. In that case this section
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289 | * may be commented out.
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290 | */
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291 |
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292 | #ifndef NO_ZERO_ROW_TEST
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293 | if (wsptr[1] == 0 && wsptr[2] == 0 && wsptr[3] == 0 && wsptr[4] == 0 &&
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294 | wsptr[5] == 0 && wsptr[6] == 0 && wsptr[7] == 0) {
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295 | /* AC terms all zero */
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296 | JSAMPLE dcval = range_limit[IDESCALE(wsptr[0], PASS1_BITS+3)
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297 | & RANGE_MASK];
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298 |
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299 | outptr[0] = dcval;
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300 | outptr[1] = dcval;
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301 | outptr[2] = dcval;
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302 | outptr[3] = dcval;
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303 | outptr[4] = dcval;
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304 | outptr[5] = dcval;
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305 | outptr[6] = dcval;
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306 | outptr[7] = dcval;
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307 |
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308 | wsptr += DCTSIZE; /* advance pointer to next row */
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309 | continue;
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310 | }
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311 | #endif
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312 |
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313 | /* Even part */
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314 |
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315 | tmp10 = ((DCTELEM) wsptr[0] + (DCTELEM) wsptr[4]);
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316 | tmp11 = ((DCTELEM) wsptr[0] - (DCTELEM) wsptr[4]);
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317 |
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318 | tmp13 = ((DCTELEM) wsptr[2] + (DCTELEM) wsptr[6]);
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319 | tmp12 = MULTIPLY((DCTELEM) wsptr[2] - (DCTELEM) wsptr[6], FIX_1_414213562)
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320 | - tmp13;
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321 |
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322 | tmp0 = tmp10 + tmp13;
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323 | tmp3 = tmp10 - tmp13;
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324 | tmp1 = tmp11 + tmp12;
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325 | tmp2 = tmp11 - tmp12;
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326 |
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327 | /* Odd part */
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328 |
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329 | z13 = (DCTELEM) wsptr[5] + (DCTELEM) wsptr[3];
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330 | z10 = (DCTELEM) wsptr[5] - (DCTELEM) wsptr[3];
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331 | z11 = (DCTELEM) wsptr[1] + (DCTELEM) wsptr[7];
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332 | z12 = (DCTELEM) wsptr[1] - (DCTELEM) wsptr[7];
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333 |
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334 | tmp7 = z11 + z13; /* phase 5 */
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335 | tmp11 = MULTIPLY(z11 - z13, FIX_1_414213562); /* 2*c4 */
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336 |
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337 | z5 = MULTIPLY(z10 + z12, FIX_1_847759065); /* 2*c2 */
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338 | tmp10 = MULTIPLY(z12, FIX_1_082392200) - z5; /* 2*(c2-c6) */
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339 | tmp12 = MULTIPLY(z10, - FIX_2_613125930) + z5; /* -2*(c2+c6) */
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340 |
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341 | tmp6 = tmp12 - tmp7; /* phase 2 */
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342 | tmp5 = tmp11 - tmp6;
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343 | tmp4 = tmp10 + tmp5;
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344 |
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345 | /* Final output stage: scale down by a factor of 8 and range-limit */
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346 |
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347 | outptr[0] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp0 + tmp7, PASS1_BITS+3)
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348 | & RANGE_MASK];
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349 | outptr[7] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp0 - tmp7, PASS1_BITS+3)
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350 | & RANGE_MASK];
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351 | outptr[1] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp1 + tmp6, PASS1_BITS+3)
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352 | & RANGE_MASK];
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353 | outptr[6] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp1 - tmp6, PASS1_BITS+3)
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354 | & RANGE_MASK];
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355 | outptr[2] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp2 + tmp5, PASS1_BITS+3)
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356 | & RANGE_MASK];
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357 | outptr[5] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp2 - tmp5, PASS1_BITS+3)
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358 | & RANGE_MASK];
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359 | outptr[4] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp3 + tmp4, PASS1_BITS+3)
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360 | & RANGE_MASK];
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361 | outptr[3] = range_limit[IDESCALE(tmp3 - tmp4, PASS1_BITS+3)
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362 | & RANGE_MASK];
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363 |
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364 | wsptr += DCTSIZE; /* advance pointer to next row */
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365 | }
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366 | }
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367 |
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368 | #endif /* DCT_IFAST_SUPPORTED */
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