Changes between Version 2 and Version 3 of WikiStart


Ignore:
Timestamp:
11/01/09 15:34:22 (14 years ago)
Author:
Rick van der Zwet
Comment:

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  • WikiStart

    v2 v3  
    1 {{{
    2 #!html
    3 <div class="ARTICLE">
    4 <div class="TITLEPAGE">
    5 <h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 8.0-CURRENT README</a></h1>
    61
    7 <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
    8 
    9 <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,
    10 2008 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
    11 
    12 <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/readme/article.sgml,v
    13 1.41.2.1.2.1 2009/10/25 01:10:29 kensmith Exp $<br />
    14 </p>
    15 
    16 <div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
    17 <p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
    18 
    19 <p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
    20 registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
    21 other countries.</p>
    22 
    23 <p>Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group
    24 are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.</p>
    25 
    26 <p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
    27 in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
    28 upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
    29 
    30 <p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
    31 products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
    32 the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
    33 by the &#8220;&trade;&#8221; or the &#8220;&reg;&#8221; symbol.</p>
    34 </div>
    35 
    36 <hr />
    37 </div>
    38 
    39 <blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
    40 <div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN25" name="AEN25"></a>
    41 <p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD 8.0-CURRENT. It includes some
    42 information on how to obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD
    43 Project, and pointers to some other sources of information.</p>
    44 </div>
    45 </blockquote>
    46 
    47 <div class="SECT1">
    48 <hr />
    49 <h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
    50 
    51 <p>This distribution is a snapshot of FreeBSD 8.0-CURRENT, the latest point along the
    52 8-CURRENT branch.</p>
    53 
    54 <div class="SECT2">
    55 <hr />
    56 
    57 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN30" name="AEN30">1.1 About FreeBSD</a></h3>
    58 
    59 <p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite for AMD64 and Intel EM64T based
    60 PC hardware (amd64), Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen &#8220;x86&#8221; based PC hardware
    61 (i386), Intel Itanium Processor based computers (ia64), NEC PC-9801/9821 series PCs and
    62 compatibles (pc98), and <span class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span>&reg; machines
    63 (sparc64). Versions for the <span class="TRADEMARK">ARM</span>&reg; (arm), <span
    64 class="TRADEMARK">MIPS</span>&reg; (mips), and <span
    65 class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>&reg; (powerpc) architectures are currently under
    66 development as well. FreeBSD works with a wide variety of peripherals and configurations
    67 and can be used for everything from software development to games to Internet Service
    68 Provision.</p>
    69 
    70 <p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run such a system, including
    71 full source code for the kernel and all utilities in the base distribution. With the
    72 source distribution installed, you can literally recompile the entire system from scratch
    73 with one command, making it ideal for students, researchers, or users who simply want to
    74 see how it all works.</p>
    75 
    76 <p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the &#8220;Ports Collection&#8221;)
    77 is also provided to make it easy to obtain and install all your favorite traditional
    78 <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>&reg; utilities for FreeBSD. Each &#8220;port&#8221;
    79 consists of a set of scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a piece of
    80 software, with a single command. Over 20,000 ports, from editors to programming languages
    81 to graphical applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive operating
    82 environment that extends far beyond what's provided by many commercial versions of <span
    83 class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>. Most ports are also available as pre-compiled
    84 &#8220;packages&#8221;, which can be quickly installed from the installation program.</p>
    85 
    86 </div>
    87 
    88 <div class="SECT2">
    89 <hr />
    90 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN45" name="AEN45">1.2 Target Audience</a></h3>
    91 
    92 <p>This snapshot is aimed primarily at early adopters and various other users who want to
    93 get involved with the ongoing development of FreeBSD. While the FreeBSD development team
    94 tries its best to ensure that each snapshot works as advertised, 8-CURRENT is very much a
    95 work-in-progress.</p>
    96 
    97 <p>The basic requirements for using this snapshot are technical proficiency with FreeBSD
    98 and an understanding of the ongoing development process of FreeBSD 8-CURRENT (as
    99 discussed on the <a href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current"
    100 target="_top">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</a>).</p>
    101 
    102 <p>For those more interested in doing business with FreeBSD than in experimenting with
    103 new FreeBSD technology, formal releases (such as 7.0-RELEASE) are frequently more
    104 appropriate. Releases undergo a period of testing and quality assurance checking to
    105 ensure high reliability and dependability.</p>
    106 
    107 </div>
    108 </div>
    109 
    110 <div class="SECT1">
    111 <hr />
    112 <h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OBTAIN" name="OBTAIN">2 Obtaining FreeBSD</a></h2>
    113 
    114 <p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This section focuses on those ways that
    115 are primarily useful for obtaining a complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than updating
    116 an existing installation.</p>
    117 
    118 <div class="SECT2">
    119 <hr />
    120 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN54" name="AEN54">2.1 CDROM and DVD</a></h3>
    121 
    122 <p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM or DVD from several publishers.
    123 This is frequently the most convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new installations, as it
    124 provides a convenient way to quickly reinstall the system if necessary. Some
    125 distributions include some of the optional, precompiled &#8220;packages&#8221; from the
    126 FreeBSD Ports Collection, or other extra material.</p>
    127 
    128 <p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the project are listed in the <a
    129 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
    130 target="_top">&#8220;Obtaining FreeBSD&#8221;</a> appendix to the Handbook.</p>
    131 </div>
    132 
    133 <div class="SECT2">
    134 <hr />
    135 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN61" name="AEN61">2.2 FTP</a></h3>
    136 
    137 <p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of its optional packages from <a
    138 href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, which is the
    139 official FreeBSD release site, or any of its &#8220;mirrors&#8221;.</p>
    140 
    141 <p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in the <a
    142 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
    143 target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or on the <a
    144 href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>
    145 Web pages. Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from which to download the
    146 distribution is highly recommended.</p>
    147 
    148 <p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
    149 href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code> for
    150 more details on becoming an official mirror site. You can also find useful information
    151 for mirror sites at the <a
    152 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/hubs/" target="_top">Mirroring
    153 FreeBSD</a> article.</p>
    154 
    155 <p>Mirrors generally contain the ISO images generally used to create a CDROM of a FreeBSD
    156 release. They usually also contain floppy disk images (for applicable platforms), as well
    157 as the files necessary to do an installation over the network. Finally mirrors sites
    158 usually contain a set of packages for the most current release.</p>
    159 </div>
    160 </div>
    161 
    162 <div class="SECT1">
    163 <hr />
    164 <h2 class="SECT1"><a id="CONTACTING" name="CONTACTING">3 Contacting the FreeBSD
    165 Project</a></h2>
    166 
    167 <div class="SECT2">
    168 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN75" name="AEN75">3.1 Email and Mailing Lists</a></h3>
    169 
    170 <p>For any questions or general technical support issues, please send mail to the <a
    171 href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">FreeBSD
    172 general questions mailing list</a>.</p>
    173 
    174 <p>If you're tracking the 8-CURRENT development efforts, you <span class="emphasis"><i
    175 class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> join the <a
    176 href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current"
    177 target="_top">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</a>, in order to keep abreast of recent
    178 developments and changes that may affect the way you use and maintain the system.</p>
    179 
    180 <p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project is always happy to have extra
    181 hands willing to help--there are already far more desired enhancements than there is time
    182 to implement them. To contact the developers on technical matters, or with offers of
    183 help, please send mail to the <a
    184 href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">FreeBSD
    185 technical discussions mailing list</a>.</p>
    186 
    187 <p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience <span class="emphasis"><i
    188 class="EMPHASIS">significant</i></span> amounts of traffic. If you have slow or expensive
    189 mail access, or are only interested in keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you may find
    190 it preferable to subscribe instead to the <a
    191 href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">FreeBSD
    192 announcements mailing list</a>.</p>
    193 
    194 <p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by anyone wishing to do so. Visit the <a
    195 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_top">FreeBSD Mailman Info
    196 Page</a>. This will give you more information on joining the various lists, accessing
    197 archives, etc. There are a number of mailing lists targeted at special interest groups
    198 not mentioned here; more information can be obtained either from the Mailman pages or the
    199 <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#mailing-list" target="_top">mailing lists
    200 section</a> of the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
    201 
    202 <div class="IMPORTANT">
    203 <blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
    204 <p><b>Important:</b> Do <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> send
    205 email to the lists asking to be subscribed. Use the Mailman interface instead.</p>
    206 
    207 </blockquote>
    208 </div>
    209 </div>
    210 
    211 <div class="SECT2">
    212 <hr />
    213 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN93" name="AEN93">3.2 Submitting Problem Reports</a></h3>
    214 
    215 <p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always valued--please do not
    216 hesitate to report any problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes are of
    217 course even more welcome.</p>
    218 
    219 <p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with Internet mail
    220 connectivity is to use the <a
    221 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    222 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
    223 
    224 command. &#8220;Problem Reports&#8221; (PRs) submitted in this way will be filed and
    225 their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers will do their best to respond to all
    226 reported bugs as soon as possible. <a
    227 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" target="_top">A list of all active
    228 PRs</a> is available on the FreeBSD Web site; this list is useful to see what potential
    229 problems other users have encountered.</p>
    230 
    231 <p>Note that <a
    232 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    233 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
    234 itself is a shell script that should be easy to move even onto a non-FreeBSD system.
    235 Using this interface is highly preferred. If, for some reason, you are unable to use <a
    236 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    237 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to
    238 submit a bug report, you can try to send it to the <a
    239 href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">FreeBSD
    240 problem reports mailing list</a>.</p>
    241 
    242 <p>For more information, <a
    243 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/"
    244 target="_top">&#8220;Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports&#8221;</a>, available on the FreeBSD
    245 Web site, has a number of helpful hints on writing and submitting effective problem
    246 reports.</p>
    247 </div>
    248 </div>
    249 
    250 <div class="SECT1">
    251 <hr />
    252 <h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SEEALSO" name="SEEALSO">4 Further Reading</a></h2>
    253 
    254 <p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are included with this
    255 distribution, while others are available on-line or in print versions.</p>
    256 
    257 <div class="SECT2">
    258 
    259 <hr />
    260 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELEASE-DOCS" name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1 Release
    261 Documentation</a></h3>
    262 
    263 <p>A number of other files provide more specific information about this snapshot
    264 distribution. These files are provided in various formats. Most distributions will
    265 include both ASCII text (<tt class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>) and HTML (<tt
    266 class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>) renditions. Some distributions may also include other formats
    267 such as Portable Document Format (<tt class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
    268 
    269 <ul>
    270 <li>
    271 <p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: This file, which gives some general information
    272 about FreeBSD as well as some cursory notes about obtaining a distribution.</p>
    273 
    274 </li>
    275 
    276 <li>
    277 <p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: The release notes, showing what's new and
    278 different in FreeBSD 8.0-CURRENT compared to the previous release (FreeBSD
    279 7.0-RELEASE).</p>
    280 </li>
    281 
    282 <li>
    283 <p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: The hardware compatibility list, showing
    284 devices with which FreeBSD has been tested and is known to work.</p>
    285 </li>
    286 
    287 <li>
    288 <p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: Release errata. Late-breaking, post-release
    289 information can be found in this file, which is principally applicable to releases (as
    290 opposed to snapshots). It is important to consult this file before installing a release
    291 of FreeBSD, as it contains the latest information on problems which have been found and
    292 fixed since the release was created.</p>
    293 
    294 </li>
    295 </ul>
    296 
    297 <br />
    298 <br />
    299 <p>On platforms that support <a
    300 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    301 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
    302 (currently amd64, i386, ia64, pc98, and sparc64), these documents are generally available
    303 via the Documentation menu during installation. Once the system is installed, you can
    304 revisit this menu by re-running the <a
    305 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    306 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
    307 utility.</p>
    308 
    309 <div class="NOTE">
    310 <blockquote class="NOTE">
    311 <p><b>Note:</b> It is extremely important to read the errata for any given release before
    312 installing it, to learn about any &#8220;late-breaking news&#8221; or post-release
    313 problems. The errata file accompanying each release (most likely right next to this file)
    314 is already out of date by definition, but other copies are kept updated on the Internet
    315 and should be consulted as the &#8220;current errata&#8221; for this release. These other
    316 copies of the errata are located at <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
    317 target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a> (as well as any sites which keep
    318 up-to-date mirrors of this location).</p>
    319 </blockquote>
    320 
    321 </div>
    322 </div>
    323 
    324 <div class="SECT2">
    325 <hr />
    326 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN147" name="AEN147">4.2 Manual Pages</a></h3>
    327 
    328 <p>As with almost all <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> like operating systems, FreeBSD
    329 comes with a set of on-line manual pages, accessed through the <a
    330 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current"><span
    331  class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> command or
    332 through the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">hypertext manual
    333 pages gateway</a> on the FreeBSD Web site. In general, the manual pages provide
    334 information on the different commands and APIs available to the FreeBSD user.</p>
    335 
    336 <p>In some cases, manual pages are written to give information on particular topics.
    337 Notable examples of such manual pages are <a
    338 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    339 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a
    340 guide to performance tuning), <a
    341 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    342 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an
    343 introduction to FreeBSD security), and <a
    344 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+8-current">
    345 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a
    346 style guide to kernel coding).</p>
    347 
    348 </div>
    349 
    350 <div class="SECT2">
    351 <hr />
    352 <h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN165" name="AEN165">4.3 Books and Articles</a></h3>
    353 
    354 <p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related information, maintained by the
    355 FreeBSD Project, are the FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions
    356 document). On-line versions of the <a
    357 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
    358 target="_top">Handbook</a> and <a
    359 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> are
    360 always available from the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html"
    361 target="_top">FreeBSD Documentation page</a> or its mirrors. If you install the <tt
    362 class="FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution set, you can use a Web browser to read the
    363 Handbook and FAQ locally. In particular, note that the Handbook contains a step-by-step
    364 guide to installing FreeBSD.</p>
    365 
    366 <p>A number of on-line books and articles, also maintained by the FreeBSD Project, cover
    367 more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics. This material spans a wide range of topics,
    368 from effective use of the mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other operating
    369 systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like the Handbook and FAQ, these documents are
    370 available from the FreeBSD Documentation Page or in the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>
    371 distribution set.</p>
    372 
    373 <p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be found in the <a
    374 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
    375 target="_top">bibliography</a> of the FreeBSD Handbook. Because of FreeBSD's strong <span
    376 class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> heritage, many other articles and books written for <span
    377 class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> systems are applicable as well, some of which are also
    378 listed in the bibliography.</p>
    379 
    380 </div>
    381 </div>
    382 
    383 <div class="SECT1">
    384 <hr />
    385 <h2 class="SECT1"><a id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" name="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">5
    386 Acknowledgments</a></h2>
    387 
    388 <p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not thousands, of
    389 individuals from around the world who have worked countless hours to bring about this
    390 snapshot. For a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors, please see <a
    391 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
    392 target="_top">&#8220;Contributors to FreeBSD&#8221;</a> on the FreeBSD Web site or any of
    393 its mirrors.</p>
    394 
    395 <p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users and testers all over the
    396 world, without whom this snapshot simply would not have been possible.</p>
    397 </div>
    398 
    399 </div>
    400 
    401 <hr />
    402 <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
    403 downloaded from <a
    404 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/</a>.</small></p>
    405 
    406 <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
    407 href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
    408 href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
    409 
    410 <p align="center"><small>All users of FreeBSD 8-CURRENT should subscribe to the &#60;<a
    411 href="mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62; mailing list.</small></p>
    412 
    413 <p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
    414 href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
    415 }}}
     2FreeBSDOnEmbeddedDevices
    4163
    4174== Starting Points ==